Dynamics and configurations of galaxy triplets

The purpose is to infer the probable dynamical states of galaxy triplets by the observed data on their configurations. Two methods are proposed for describing the distributions of the triplet configuration parameters characterizing a tendency to alignment and hierarchy: (1) obtaining a representative sample of configurations and determining its statistical parameters (moments and percentages); and (2) dividing the region of possible configurations of triple systems (Agekian and Anosova, 1967) into a set of segments and finding the probabilities for the configurations to find themselves in each of them. Both these methods allow representation of the data by numerical simulations as well as observations. The effect of projection was studied. It rather overestimates the alignment and hierarchy of the triple systems. Among the parameters of interest there are found some parameters that are least sensitive to projection effects. The samples consist of simulated galaxy triplets (with hidden mass) as well as of 46 probably physical triple galaxies (Karachentseva et al., 1979). The observed triples as well as numerical models show a tendency to alignment. The triple galaxies do not show any tendency to hierarchy (formation of the temporary binaries), but this tendency may be present for simulated triplets without significant dark matter. The significant hidden mass (of order ten times the total mass of a triplet) decreases the probability of forming a binary and so weakens the hierarchy. Small galaxy groups consisting of 3 to 7 members are probably the most prevalent types of galaxy aggregate (Gorbatsky, 1987). Galaxy triplets are the simplest groups, but dynamically nontrivial ones

HIGH TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE IN THE DELTA OF THE RED RIVER IN VIETNAM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT

The problems of the development of high-tech agriculture of Vietnam in the delta of the Red river in the conditions of innovative development have been considered. The current status of the development of high-tech agriculture and some models of the application of high-tech agricultural production in some areas of Vietnam have been presented. The influence of high-tech development of agriculture on the ecological-economic efficiency of agricultural lands of Vietnam in the delta of the Red river has been determined, the main obstacles to the development of high-tech agriculture at the present time have been highlighted. The ways of development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam in terms of innovative development have been designated

Complex support of technological development of environmentally friendly toilet systems in passenger trains

Ensuring environmental-oriented turnover of fecal waste in passenger transport is necessary for the preservation of ecosystems, public health and sustainable development of transport complexes. The history of Russian railway toilet complexes begins with the launch of the first railway “Petersburg – Tsarskoe Selo” in 1837. In the USSR since 1985 The Ministry of Railways of the USSR thought about the need for experimental design work on the creation of closed systems for collecting sewage for passenger rolling stock. A set of scientific works on the creation of systems and equipment that protect the environment from chemical and  biological pollution was presented in the Railway transport program for 1990-2000.The article considers the negative impact of fecal waste on the environment and public health, as well as problems related to the maintenance of environmentally friendly toilet complexes of passenger cars. The main results of technological development of toilet complexes of transport systems have been outlined. The authors note the importance of timely comprehensive support (infrastructure, technical, organizational and economic, regulatory and methodological, personnel, and other) for the technological development of toilet complexes in the transport industry. In particular, the article reviewes some of the current problems of infrastructure, regulatory and methodological, organizational and economic support for the operation and maintenance of environmentally friendly toilet complexes. For the effective functioning of the environmentally friendly toilet complexes system of transport systems, the authors propose to use organizational and methodological tools that will allow you to systematically determine the actual level of technological development of the fecal waste disposal system of the environmentally friendly toilet complexes of passenger trains, to develop directions and measures to improve its  environmental and economic efficiency

Relations between physical and chemical properties of melanine pigments in wood decaying fungi and their antioxidant activity

The authors acknowledge the work support by RFBR, Russia (Project № 19-516-45006) and DST, India (INT/RUS/RFBR/363) and the Ural Federal University Competitiveness Enhancement Program, Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation (сontract № 02.A03.21.0006)

Biologically active substances in fruit bodies of wood decomposing fungi

The authors acknowledge the work support by RFBR, Russia (Project № 19-516-45006) and DST, India (INT/RUS/RFBR/363) and the Ural Federal University Competitiveness Enhancement Program, Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation (сontract № 02.A03.21.0006)

Theory of differential inclusions and its application in mechanics

The following chapter deals with systems of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. The key question is how to define the solutions of such systems. The most adequate approach is to treat discontinuous systems as systems with multivalued right-hand sides (differential inclusions). In this work three well-known definitions of solution of discontinuous system are considered. We will demonstrate the difference between these definitions and their application to different mechanical problems. Mathematical models of drilling systems with discontinuous friction torque characteristics are considered. Here, opposite to classical Coulomb symmetric friction law, the friction torque characteristic is asymmetrical. Problem of sudden load change is studied. Analytical methods of investigation of systems with such asymmetrical friction based on the use of Lyapunov functions are demonstrated. The Watt governor and Chua system are considered to show different aspects of computer modeling of discontinuous systems

Biologically Active Substances in Fruit Bodies of Wood Decomposing Fungi

The relative content of biologically active substances in the extracts of wood decaying fungi was studied using GC-MS. The results showed that the real tinder (Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr.) contains up to 18% fatty acids, 51.6% steroids and 8.35% triterpene compounds. The nest fungus (Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) P. Karst.) contains 32.7% of fatty acids, 9.8% of steroid substances and 27.0% of tetracyclic triterpenoids. Chaga (Inonotus obliguus (Ach. ex. Pers.) Pilat) is characterized by the presence of 14% fatty acids, 11.6% of which are unsaturated; 2.4% of ergosterol, and 30% of betulin. A distinctive feature of the extract from the birch sponge (Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst.) is the presence of 67.9% arabitol, and the absence of steroid and triterpene compounds. Bordered tinder fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst.), causing brown rot of wood, contains 30.15% ergosterol, which is a provitamin form of vitamin D2. The tinder fungus extract (Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden) contains 67.8% fatty acids, of which 50.0% are unsaturated fatty acids. The extract from the humpback tinder fungus (Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr.) contains 34.9% fatty acids, 9.76% steroids, and 27.06% terpenoid compounds. © 2022 Author(s)

Сверхпроводимость: достижения в применении

A superconductor is a material that undergoes a transition into the superconducting state when cooled below a certain critical temperature. Firstly, the superconductor offers no resistance to the passage of electrical current. Secondly, external magnetic fields do not penetrate the superconductor, but remain at its surface. This phenomenon enables a range of innovative technological applications in different spheres of industry. New superconducting materials are constantly being discovered and even more new prototype devices are being developed. The recently developed prototypes based on the phenomenon of superconductivity include a three-state memory nanodevice and a terahertz emitter. The performance of these devices proves the possibility of practical applications of superconductors and stimulates future development of superconducting materials. Moreover, application of bulk superconductors is also quite promising as bulk superconductors offer a number of advantages over conventional permanent magnets. However, many problems must be solved before superconducting technology can be successfully and widely commercialized.Сверхпроводник – это материал, который переходит в сверхпроводящее состояние при охлаждении ниже определенной критической температуры. Во-первых, сверхпроводник не оказывает сопротивления прохождению электрического тока, который может протекать без потерь энергии. Во-вторых, внешние магнитные поля не проникают в сверхпроводник, а остаются только вокруг его поверхности. Эти свойства позволяют применить сверхпроводники в различных сферах промышленности. Освоение явления сверхпроводимости может по-настоящему совершить прорыв в науке. Учёные открывают всё новые сверхпроводящие материалы и разрабатывают новые устройства. Одни из недавно разработанных прототипов устройств, основанных на явлении сверхпроводимости, включают запоминающее наноустройство с тремя устойчивыми состояниями и терагерцевый излучатель. Работоспособность этих устройств доказывает возможность практического применения сверхпроводников и стимулирует дальнейшее исследование сверхпроводящих материалов. Сверхпроводники обладают рядом преимуществ по сравнению с обычными постоянными магнитами, поэтому их практическое применение становится всё более перспективным. Однако поддержание условий для работы сверхпроводников – очень трудный и дорогостоящий процесс. Поэтому, прежде чем сверхпроводящие технологии смогут быть успешно введены в сферу промышленности, необходимо решить множество проблем и вопросов

Some Issues of Terminating a Criminal Case

This publication continues the experience of covering the work of the Scientific and Meth­odological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region, among the main tasks of which remains the development and discussion, together with representatives of legal science, of sound recommenda­tions on problematic issues of prosecutorial supervision, legislation and law enforcement practice, legal advisory opinions on issues arising in prosecutorial practice. In this regard, the article proposes to dis­cuss certain topical problems of law enforcement practice raised at one of the last meetings of the Scien­tific and Methodological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region. Thus, based on a systematic analysis of errors in the implementation of the institution of a judicial fine, it is proposed to provide prosecutors with systematic supervision over compliance with the requirements of the law when it is ap­plied, which requires a more thorough study of criminal cases, as well as a proper initiative to establish the circumstances associated with the application of a judicial fine, and timely challenging unfounded court decisions. In addition, the practice of law enforcement highlights the fundamental problem of a unified interpretation of the grounds for terminating a criminal case (criminal prosecution) against a person who has committed an act prohibited by criminal law in a state of insanity. Based on the analy­sis of legal situations and various approaches to their resolution, the article argues for the need to make a decision on the studied criminal cases on the grounds of paragraph 4 of part 1 of Art. 24 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the death of a person involved in criminal proceedings. In other similar situations, but related to the criminal prosecution of these persons, the deci­sion must be made taking into account the specific circumstances of the criminal case